Ibrahim Mukhtar is Kano State Attorney-General and Commissioner
for Justice. He served as chairman of the Kano branch of the
Nigerian Bar Association (NBA). In this interview with Legal Editor
JOHN AUSTIN UNACHUKWU, the Bayero University Kano (BUK) alumnus
speaks on the challenges of justice administration , corruption in
the judiciary and his state’s efforts to improve the justice
sector.
How has your experience as former Chairman, NBA Kano
branch, assisted you in your present assignment?
You know very well the challenges of leading lawyers as a branch
chairman. These are people who know the law. They practice it every
day and go to court on a daily basis, facing serious challenges in
prosecuting their trade. These are the same people fighting for the
rule of law, fighting for justice for everybody, both the low and
mighty in the society. It is a much larger responsibility now,
because here you are dealing with not only a professional
association, but the whole state as a chief law officer. I am using
that experience actually in fighting corruption, in trying to
improve the judiciary in the state, trying to put things in order
in the justice sector, so that the society will be better. That
same experience is leading me to expose corrupt judges, magistrates
and Sharia court judges, if any. That is what I did to instill fear
in the minds of crooked lawyers who had no respect for the rule of
law who were cheating their clients and were eroding the very
foundation of the legal profession when I was the branch chairman
of Kano NBA and I succeeded in instilling fear in them.
How did you do this?
Well, it depends on the circumstances of each case. In some
cases I reported them to appropriate authorities, and in some other
cases I lifted cases from our disciplinary committee at the branch
to the national level. Though a number of cases are still there
pending, I reasonably believe that I am one of the chairmen, who
lifted the highest number of cases to the disciplinary committee at
the national level so that we will protect our profession and build
public confidence in the people, so that people will have respect
for lawyers.
The situation was not actually encouraging because you would see
people rushing to various Police stations for debt recovery and
thereafter paying a percentage of the recovered debts to other
people instead of going to lawyers to use judicial processes to
recover their debts. If we had left it like that definitely we
would lose the profession and lawyers would not have any other
means of livelihood. That was the fight and that was what we did.
Thank God that we succeeded in cleansing our branch, in cleansing
Kano State, especially the legal profession of rots. Now I am
expanding it in my office as the Attorney-General.
Are you enjoying any support in this fight?
I am enjoying the full support of my branch and the state
governor in the fight. The Governor wants to make the state better
for everybody. For instance, Kano is the only state in Nigeria that
has a Public Complaints and Anti- corruption Agency. The governor
is enlarging the agency to have offices in all the 44 Local
Government Areas. Now they have completed the construction of
offices in 23 Local Government Areas across the state, the
remaining ones will be covered in this year 2018 budget. So, each
local government will have an office and he has employed many
lawyers for the Commission so that they will start work
immediately. This will impact the state heavily because of the fact
that people now have a place to lodge their complaints. This is a
step towards solving their problems. It is a means of fighting
corruption and it amounts to taking solution closer to the people
not only in Kano metropolis, but various Local Government
Areas.
The NBA, in collaboration with non-governmental organisations
(NGOs), is canvassing for the adoption of the Administration of
Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) 2015 in all states of the federation.
What is the position in Kano State?
We didn’t have any criminal justice law in the state, but when I
came in, with the approval of my Governor, I set up a 16-member
committee, which I chair because of its importance. The purpose of
this committee is to look at the existing Criminal Procedure Code
in the state and the new ACJA provisions with the hope that we will
have a better criminal procedure law combining both the old and new
ideas to have the best law in the country. That is what we have
done and we have concluded our work. We now have a draft law in our
hands. We are waiting for the validation of the Law by larger
stakeholders, who will be meeting on January 16, this year.
What is the next step after validation?
After the validation, it will be taken to the state House of
Assembly and I believe that our law will stand the test of time. It
will be unique, in fact, other states in the Northern parts of the
country have started requesting for a copy because our law will be
applicable, not only in the High Courts, but also in Sharia and
Magistrates Courts. So, it is applicable to all the courts, you
don’t have to carry different procedure laws in your bag as a
lawyer practicing in the state. It is unique and is very
transparent and all the innovations provided for under the new ACJA
are properly covered in our draft bill, including the issue of
speedy trial, transparent trial, investigation by the police, to
make sure that the incidence of torture is eliminated by the police
in the process of investigation.
All are accommodated including the provisions that are contrary
to the constitution like denying the accused person appeal, until
he waits for the final determination of the case. We rejected that
kind of provision in our new law. So, there will be no conflict.
That is what we have done and very soon, within this 2018, we will
have ACJL for the state.
What about the Child’s Right Act ? What efforts are you
making to adopt it in Kano State?
Actually when I came in Child’s Rights Law was not a pending
issue in the state. It is not a current issue actually, but I know
that a long time ago, the issue was raised by the state government
and it attracted criticisms and public outcry because the
background and culture of the people. Traditionally we Africans are
so used to controlling our children the way we want, so such
provisions that allows a child to sue his father or his mother will
create serious problems. That is the challenge actually but there
are good provisions in that law and we have to protect our children
like the issue in the Northern parts of the country where people
release their own children to go to the streets in the name of Alma
Jiri, that one is not in line with Islamic teaching at all, on the
contrary, it is totally done out of ignorance.
It is never in any religion for you to give birth to children
and released them at the early age of four to six years to another
state.
Why is this practice high in the state?
You know that most of the Almajiris in Kano are not from Kano
State, but are migrating from other states in the country including
Niger Republic and other African countries. Because people are
running away from their responsibilities, they cannot even trace
the whereabouts of their own children and they are not even
searching for the knowledge which they claim. They just come down
in search of livelihood and that one is polluting the atmosphere in
the State, it is really creating serious societal problems and
challenges.
Why?
How would you raise a responsible son without a guardian in this
society? He will definitely fall into the hands of criminals,
become one of them and the number of criminals will keep
increasing. So, such type of laws that will force parents to be
responsible to take care of their children and to prohibit that
kind of acts is in line, such provisions are there in the Child’s
Rights Act and we are putting that into consideration. We are
looking for a way we can lift such provisions even if it is not in
the name of the Child Rights Act, but maybe we can have them in our
Penal Codes without calling them the Child Rights Act. Even the
nomenclature is attracting problems, Child Rights Act but what we
are after is the provisions, the protection of the rights of
children in the society, this is very important because if you
don’t protect the children now, you will not have a good future
generation and that is what we are after, to have a quality future
generation after our own generation.
Corruption in the judiciary is a matter of concern. How
are you tackling the problem?
There is no state in Nigeria that you will not find corruption.
Corruption is everywhere, but the challenge is that you can easily
hear information informally from lawyers, on the radio in form of
allegations, but the name of the person committing the offence may
not be mentioned and when the name is mentioned, nobody is ready to
come and give you any evidence against that particular person even
the lawyers. They are not willing to come out themselves and give
evidence. So, without evidence, there is no way you can sanction
any judicial officer, it will just remain a hearsay evidence and
that one will not hold water. That is the major challenge, but if
you are sure of what you saying and you know that somebody has
committed an offence, come out and say it. Because if you take any
step without considering whether it is a good case or not and you
fail, you will pay for it because you have made an unsubstantiated
allegation against a judicial officer without any evidence, it will
definitely come back, if you don’t fight, corruption will fight
you.
So, we are fighting corruption and we are encouraging members,
especially the professionals to come out and give evidence. Even
the victims should come out and give evidence. You are suffering
from the menace and you don’t want to give evidence. You don’t want
to report to the Police, the Economic and Financial Crimes
Commission (EFCC), the Independent Corrupt Practices and other
related offences Commission (ICPC) and others, then nothing will
happen. So, we are encouraging people to come out and give evidence
so that it will not be a mere discussion or a mere rumour. We have
to come out; we have to deal with the issues so that we can solve
the problems.
Most cities are strengthening the Alternative Disputes
Resolution (ADR) mechanisms to complement the courts in resolving
commercial disputes. What is Kano’s position?
Kano State is one of the first states that established a
Multi-Door Court House. The purpose of this court house is to
enhance and ensure alternative dispute resolution. That is their
main mandate and under our own rules of courts, there is a
provision giving right to each and every judge when dealing with
any case to refer a case filed before him to that multi door court
house for settlement. He has the right to give that order and that
house can attempt to settle the parties. If they succeed, they will
just send their settlement terms to the court and the court will
adopt same as a consent judgment instead of the long and tortuous
way of litigation. So, Kano is one of the first states to embrace
ADR. After Lagos State, it was Kano on ADR and apart from that
multi-door court house, which is an establishment of law, we also
have a department, which we call Citizens Rights under the Kano
State Ministry of Justice whereby ADR is being applied and people
are coming daily to resolve their disputes.
How is the department doing?
That department is doing very well and we have another plan. The
Governor has given us approval to create the Office of the Public
Defender (OPD) in the state. This is in the pipeline. I sold the
idea to the Governor and right away he agreed to set it up. To have
that office because it will help the public not only in ADR, but in
defending them in courts, you know as a state counsel, you cannot
defend somebody in court, but if you have to create an agency to do
this independent of the Ministry of Justice, it is in the pipeline
and very soon it will come up. We are good in that and we are
trying to improve it on a daily basis
What is your greatest challenge as Kano State AG
?
My greatest challenge in the Ministry of Justice is the issue of
punctuality to work. If you don’t have punctual staff in office, in
courts and elsewhere, you will never succeed. I have been able to
change that situation. Now my members of staff are coming into the
office as early as 8 am, and they don’t close before the official
closing time. As a result of that now our cases are returning in
large number. They are increasing and we are receiving
commendations from the Acting Chief Judge of the state, some judges
also commended us that they have seen a lot of changes. Our state
Counsels are also punctual in courts, in office and we are also
trying to train them to be better in terms of quality. We have
received approval from the state governor to train more counsels.
We have also secured approval to employ 25 more state counsels, who
we have interviewed and that will give us about 130 lawyers in the
state Ministry of Justice and we are also trying to do more in the
area of training, recruitment and a lot more. With that number, we
are going to start taking over the prosecution of criminal cases
from the Police at the lower courts, already state Counsels are the
ones prosecuting before High Courts and other courts of record, but
at the Magistrates Courts, Police prosecutors are the ones
prosecuting, but we now ready to take over the prosecution of cases
by the state Counsels.
Why do you want to take over the prosecution of cases at
the lower courts?
This is to improve the quality of the prosecution. You cannot
compare a lawyer, who is trained in the law with a police officer,
who was trained in investigation and security issues. These are
professionals, police are equally professionals in their own way,
but not in courts, they should just come and give the outcome of
their investigation as witnesses in courts while professional
lawyers should prosecute so that people will benefit from that
quality not only the rich who can afford to employ a private lawyer
to do it for him, but the poor should also enjoy that services from
the state. That is what we are doing with the support of the state
Governor. We are planning to involve the NYSC, we are going to
train them so that they will enjoy their service here with
experience. They will have a senior lawyer with experience
appearing with them so that they will be learning and at the end of
their service year, they will have the basic skills in prosecuting
cases.
Funding is the major challenge in running ministries,
departments and agencies. How are you handling this?
You cannot say that you have all the resources you need to run a
government agency that you have. But what we used to receive
earlier in the last administration as grants has been doubled by
this administration. I mean 100 per cent increase from what we used
to receive during the last administration. Now 100 per cent
increase is very encouraging and it is helping us to do more. Apart
from that, we made a case for additional offices and the Governor
has just directed the Commissioner for Works and Housing to build
additional block of flats for us in the Ministry of Justice. What
we have now as a structure is just a two-storey building and with
the additional recruitment which we are making, we need additional
office structures. He has approved it, they have conducted soil
test and are now taking measurements for the building. The
government is building additional blocks for us and the government
is also modernising our library to give us a computerised library
in the Ministry of Justice. Apart from this, all law practice
books, both hard copy and virtual books, will be there.
There is this controversy about the removal of the
former state Chairman of All Progressives Congress (APC). What is
the true position?
The issues can be resolved if you look at the provision of our
laws and the constitution of the APC. If you look at Section 17 of
that very constitution, it gives power to the state working
committee if it lacks confidence in a leadership to pass a vote of
no confidence and that is exactly what happened. The working
committee passed a vote of no confidence on the leadership of Umar
Haruna Doguwa, which same constitution says that if there is a
vacuum, you cannot allow a leader under a democratic system that
the people do not want to continue leading them. Now the same
constitution gives power to the national leadership or appropriate
body to appoint an acting chairman, pending the approval by a
national congress of the party. So, you cannot leave that vacuum,
you cannot leave a party without a chairman.
Culled: Natiin
Ibrahim Mukhtar is Kano State Attorney-General and Commissioner
for Justice. He served as chairman of the Kano branch of the
Nigerian Bar Association (NBA). In this interview with Legal Editor
JOHN AUSTIN UNACHUKWU, the Bayero University Kano (BUK) alumnus
speaks on the challenges of justice administration , corruption in
the judiciary and his state’s efforts to improve the justice
sector.
How has your experience as former Chairman, NBA Kano
branch, assisted you in your present assignment?
You know very well the challenges of leading lawyers as a branch
chairman. These are people who know the law. They practice it every
day and go to court on a daily basis, facing serious challenges in
prosecuting their trade. These are the same people fighting for the
rule of law, fighting for justice for everybody, both the low and
mighty in the society. It is a much larger responsibility now,
because here you are dealing with not only a professional
association, but the whole state as a chief law officer. I am using
that experience actually in fighting corruption, in trying to
improve the judiciary in the state, trying to put things in order
in the justice sector, so that the society will be better. That
same experience is leading me to expose corrupt judges, magistrates
and Sharia court judges, if any. That is what I did to instill fear
in the minds of crooked lawyers who had no respect for the rule of
law who were cheating their clients and were eroding the very
foundation of the legal profession when I was the branch chairman
of Kano NBA and I succeeded in instilling fear in them.
How did you do this?
Well, it depends on the circumstances of each case. In some
cases I reported them to appropriate authorities, and in some other
cases I lifted cases from our disciplinary committee at the branch
to the national level. Though a number of cases are still there
pending, I reasonably believe that I am one of the chairmen, who
lifted the highest number of cases to the disciplinary committee at
the national level so that we will protect our profession and build
public confidence in the people, so that people will have respect
for lawyers.
The situation was not actually encouraging because you would see
people rushing to various Police stations for debt recovery and
thereafter paying a percentage of the recovered debts to other
people instead of going to lawyers to use judicial processes to
recover their debts. If we had left it like that definitely we
would lose the profession and lawyers would not have any other
means of livelihood. That was the fight and that was what we did.
Thank God that we succeeded in cleansing our branch, in cleansing
Kano State, especially the legal profession of rots. Now I am
expanding it in my office as the Attorney-General.
Are you enjoying any support in this fight?
I am enjoying the full support of my branch and the state
governor in the fight. The Governor wants to make the state better
for everybody. For instance, Kano is the only state in Nigeria that
has a Public Complaints and Anti- corruption Agency. The governor
is enlarging the agency to have offices in all the 44 Local
Government Areas. Now they have completed the construction of
offices in 23 Local Government Areas across the state, the
remaining ones will be covered in this year 2018 budget. So, each
local government will have an office and he has employed many
lawyers for the Commission so that they will start work
immediately. This will impact the state heavily because of the fact
that people now have a place to lodge their complaints. This is a
step towards solving their problems. It is a means of fighting
corruption and it amounts to taking solution closer to the people
not only in Kano metropolis, but various Local Government
Areas.
The NBA, in collaboration with non-governmental organisations
(NGOs), is canvassing for the adoption of the Administration of
Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) 2015 in all states of the federation.
What is the position in Kano State?
We didn’t have any criminal justice law in the state, but when I
came in, with the approval of my Governor, I set up a 16-member
committee, which I chair because of its importance. The purpose of
this committee is to look at the existing Criminal Procedure Code
in the state and the new ACJA provisions with the hope that we will
have a better criminal procedure law combining both the old and new
ideas to have the best law in the country. That is what we have
done and we have concluded our work. We now have a draft law in our
hands. We are waiting for the validation of the Law by larger
stakeholders, who will be meeting on January 16, this year.
What is the next step after validation?
After the validation, it will be taken to the state House of
Assembly and I believe that our law will stand the test of time. It
will be unique, in fact, other states in the Northern parts of the
country have started requesting for a copy because our law will be
applicable, not only in the High Courts, but also in Sharia and
Magistrates Courts. So, it is applicable to all the courts, you
don’t have to carry different procedure laws in your bag as a
lawyer practicing in the state. It is unique and is very
transparent and all the innovations provided for under the new ACJA
are properly covered in our draft bill, including the issue of
speedy trial, transparent trial, investigation by the police, to
make sure that the incidence of torture is eliminated by the police
in the process of investigation.
All are accommodated including the provisions that are contrary
to the constitution like denying the accused person appeal, until
he waits for the final determination of the case. We rejected that
kind of provision in our new law. So, there will be no conflict.
That is what we have done and very soon, within this 2018, we will
have ACJL for the state.
What about the Child’s Right Act ? What efforts are you
making to adopt it in Kano State?
Actually when I came in Child’s Rights Law was not a pending
issue in the state. It is not a current issue actually, but I know
that a long time ago, the issue was raised by the state government
and it attracted criticisms and public outcry because the
background and culture of the people. Traditionally we Africans are
so used to controlling our children the way we want, so such
provisions that allows a child to sue his father or his mother will
create serious problems. That is the challenge actually but there
are good provisions in that law and we have to protect our children
like the issue in the Northern parts of the country where people
release their own children to go to the streets in the name of Alma
Jiri, that one is not in line with Islamic teaching at all, on the
contrary, it is totally done out of ignorance.
It is never in any religion for you to give birth to children
and released them at the early age of four to six years to another
state.
Why is this practice high in the state?
You know that most of the Almajiris in Kano are not from Kano
State, but are migrating from other states in the country including
Niger Republic and other African countries. Because people are
running away from their responsibilities, they cannot even trace
the whereabouts of their own children and they are not even
searching for the knowledge which they claim. They just come down
in search of livelihood and that one is polluting the atmosphere in
the State, it is really creating serious societal problems and
challenges.
Why?
How would you raise a responsible son without a guardian in this
society? He will definitely fall into the hands of criminals,
become one of them and the number of criminals will keep
increasing. So, such type of laws that will force parents to be
responsible to take care of their children and to prohibit that
kind of acts is in line, such provisions are there in the Child’s
Rights Act and we are putting that into consideration. We are
looking for a way we can lift such provisions even if it is not in
the name of the Child Rights Act, but maybe we can have them in our
Penal Codes without calling them the Child Rights Act. Even the
nomenclature is attracting problems, Child Rights Act but what we
are after is the provisions, the protection of the rights of
children in the society, this is very important because if you
don’t protect the children now, you will not have a good future
generation and that is what we are after, to have a quality future
generation after our own generation.
Corruption in the judiciary is a matter of concern. How
are you tackling the problem?
There is no state in Nigeria that you will not find corruption.
Corruption is everywhere, but the challenge is that you can easily
hear information informally from lawyers, on the radio in form of
allegations, but the name of the person committing the offence may
not be mentioned and when the name is mentioned, nobody is ready to
come and give you any evidence against that particular person even
the lawyers. They are not willing to come out themselves and give
evidence. So, without evidence, there is no way you can sanction
any judicial officer, it will just remain a hearsay evidence and
that one will not hold water. That is the major challenge, but if
you are sure of what you saying and you know that somebody has
committed an offence, come out and say it. Because if you take any
step without considering whether it is a good case or not and you
fail, you will pay for it because you have made an unsubstantiated
allegation against a judicial officer without any evidence, it will
definitely come back, if you don’t fight, corruption will fight
you.
So, we are fighting corruption and we are encouraging members,
especially the professionals to come out and give evidence. Even
the victims should come out and give evidence. You are suffering
from the menace and you don’t want to give evidence. You don’t want
to report to the Police, the Economic and Financial Crimes
Commission (EFCC), the Independent Corrupt Practices and other
related offences Commission (ICPC) and others, then nothing will
happen. So, we are encouraging people to come out and give evidence
so that it will not be a mere discussion or a mere rumour. We have
to come out; we have to deal with the issues so that we can solve
the problems.
Most cities are strengthening the Alternative Disputes
Resolution (ADR) mechanisms to complement the courts in resolving
commercial disputes. What is Kano’s position?
Kano State is one of the first states that established a
Multi-Door Court House. The purpose of this court house is to
enhance and ensure alternative dispute resolution. That is their
main mandate and under our own rules of courts, there is a
provision giving right to each and every judge when dealing with
any case to refer a case filed before him to that multi door court
house for settlement. He has the right to give that order and that
house can attempt to settle the parties. If they succeed, they will
just send their settlement terms to the court and the court will
adopt same as a consent judgment instead of the long and tortuous
way of litigation. So, Kano is one of the first states to embrace
ADR. After Lagos State, it was Kano on ADR and apart from that
multi-door court house, which is an establishment of law, we also
have a department, which we call Citizens Rights under the Kano
State Ministry of Justice whereby ADR is being applied and people
are coming daily to resolve their disputes.
How is the department doing?
That department is doing very well and we have another plan. The
Governor has given us approval to create the Office of the Public
Defender (OPD) in the state. This is in the pipeline. I sold the
idea to the Governor and right away he agreed to set it up. To have
that office because it will help the public not only in ADR, but in
defending them in courts, you know as a state counsel, you cannot
defend somebody in court, but if you have to create an agency to do
this independent of the Ministry of Justice, it is in the pipeline
and very soon it will come up. We are good in that and we are
trying to improve it on a daily basis
What is your greatest challenge as Kano State AG
?
My greatest challenge in the Ministry of Justice is the issue of
punctuality to work. If you don’t have punctual staff in office, in
courts and elsewhere, you will never succeed. I have been able to
change that situation. Now my members of staff are coming into the
office as early as 8 am, and they don’t close before the official
closing time. As a result of that now our cases are returning in
large number. They are increasing and we are receiving
commendations from the Acting Chief Judge of the state, some judges
also commended us that they have seen a lot of changes. Our state
Counsels are also punctual in courts, in office and we are also
trying to train them to be better in terms of quality. We have
received approval from the state governor to train more counsels.
We have also secured approval to employ 25 more state counsels, who
we have interviewed and that will give us about 130 lawyers in the
state Ministry of Justice and we are also trying to do more in the
area of training, recruitment and a lot more. With that number, we
are going to start taking over the prosecution of criminal cases
from the Police at the lower courts, already state Counsels are the
ones prosecuting before High Courts and other courts of record, but
at the Magistrates Courts, Police prosecutors are the ones
prosecuting, but we now ready to take over the prosecution of cases
by the state Counsels.
Why do you want to take over the prosecution of cases at
the lower courts?
This is to improve the quality of the prosecution. You cannot
compare a lawyer, who is trained in the law with a police officer,
who was trained in investigation and security issues. These are
professionals, police are equally professionals in their own way,
but not in courts, they should just come and give the outcome of
their investigation as witnesses in courts while professional
lawyers should prosecute so that people will benefit from that
quality not only the rich who can afford to employ a private lawyer
to do it for him, but the poor should also enjoy that services from
the state. That is what we are doing with the support of the state
Governor. We are planning to involve the NYSC, we are going to
train them so that they will enjoy their service here with
experience. They will have a senior lawyer with experience
appearing with them so that they will be learning and at the end of
their service year, they will have the basic skills in prosecuting
cases.
Funding is the major challenge in running ministries,
departments and agencies. How are you handling this?
You cannot say that you have all the resources you need to run a
government agency that you have. But what we used to receive
earlier in the last administration as grants has been doubled by
this administration. I mean 100 per cent increase from what we used
to receive during the last administration. Now 100 per cent
increase is very encouraging and it is helping us to do more. Apart
from that, we made a case for additional offices and the Governor
has just directed the Commissioner for Works and Housing to build
additional block of flats for us in the Ministry of Justice. What
we have now as a structure is just a two-storey building and with
the additional recruitment which we are making, we need additional
office structures. He has approved it, they have conducted soil
test and are now taking measurements for the building. The
government is building additional blocks for us and the government
is also modernising our library to give us a computerised library
in the Ministry of Justice. Apart from this, all law practice
books, both hard copy and virtual books, will be there.
There is this controversy about the removal of the
former state Chairman of All Progressives Congress (APC). What is
the true position?
The issues can be resolved if you look at the provision of our
laws and the constitution of the APC. If you look at Section 17 of
that very constitution, it gives power to the state working
committee if it lacks confidence in a leadership to pass a vote of
no confidence and that is exactly what happened. The working
committee passed a vote of no confidence on the leadership of Umar
Haruna Doguwa, which same constitution says that if there is a
vacuum, you cannot allow a leader under a democratic system that
the people do not want to continue leading them. Now the same
constitution gives power to the national leadership or appropriate
body to appoint an acting chairman, pending the approval by a
national congress of the party. So, you cannot leave that vacuum,
you cannot leave a party without a chairman.
Culled: Natiin
Read more https://www.nairalaw.com/why-kano-created-anti-graft-agency-ibrahim-mukhtar/