This Baby’s Parents Are Both U.S. Citizens, But The U.S. Government Says She Isn’t One

* Is the State Department applying these immigration
provisions selectively in order to discriminate against LGBT
couples?

Simone Mize-Gregg is the legal daughter of two parents who are
U.S. citizens, but the federal government says that she, herself,
is not one. How is that even possible? This is another terrible
case that reads like an Immigration Law final exam question. But
unfortunately, there’s a lot more at stake than just 1L grades.

One of Simone’s dads is James Mize, who was born and raised in
Mississippi. In fact, Mize explained that he is ”very, very, very
Mississippi.” Mize says he just wants “the house with the front
porch and two kids running around the yard. I want to go to church
on Sunday and have a simple life.”

Simone’s other dad, Jonathan Gregg, was born to a mother who was
a citizen of the United States, and a father who was a citizen of
the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, Gregg is and always has been a
U.S. citizen through his mother, despite being born and raised in
the United Kingdom.

Mize and Gregg married in 2015 in New York, and, like many
couples, decided to have children together. Simone Mize-Gregg was
born in England through the help of assisted reproductive
technology, involving an egg donor and a friend volunteering to be
Mize and Gregg’s gestational surrogate. Gregg is Simone’s genetic
father, although the only one who’s ever cared about that is the
U.S. State Department. Another fact the U.S. State Department is
concerned about is that Gregg lived in the U.S. for only four years
prior to his daughter’s birth.

Simone has a birth certificate issued in the United Kingdom,
which accurately includes both dads as her legal parents. However,
when Mize and Gregg set out to confirm their daughter’s U.S.
citizenship, they were ruthlessly denied. They were told that
“since a woman outside of the couple’s marriage had carried Simone,
the baby was born out of wedlock. Mize was not recognized as her
father.” Given that Mize and Gregg were legally married, and were
the legal parents of Simone, that outcome makes little sense.

The best that the State Department would offer was a travel visa
for Simone. As a result, the couple — who live and work in Atlanta
— have been forced to inconveniently travel back and forth to
England to constantly renew her visa. To make matters worse, Gregg
was recently diagnosed with a brain tumor, and had to undergo
surgery in November. He is being treated for the remaining cancer
and to improve his vision, which currently prevents him from being
able to drive. That means that a rough situation has been made even
worse by the State Department’s refusal to recognize their
family.

Mize and Greg have brought a lawsuit against the State
Department on behalf of their daughter, arguing that the State
Department has both wrongly applied the Immigration and
Naturalization Act (the “Act”) to their family, as well as
unconstitutionally discriminated against their family on the basis
of sex. Mize and Gregg filed in the United State District Court for
the Northern District of Georgia.

This case may sound a bit like deja vu to readers.

This Is At Least The Fourth Case to Go
Public

This is happening over and over again. And it is heartbreaking.
Over the last few years, the U.S. State Department has repeatedly
made life more difficult for married same-sex couples, and denied
their children U.S. citizenship. The first case to hit the media
occurred when only one of two twins was being granted citizenship,
while the other twin was denied citizenship. I previously wrote
about the Dvash-Banks case, where Andrew Dvash-Banks (a dual
U.S.-Canadian citizen) and his husband, Elad Dvash-Banks (an
Israeli citizen) had married and were residing in Canada when they
started their family with the help of an anonymous egg donor and a
gestational surrogate. The twins were born in Canada, and the
Canadian government recognized both dads as the legal parents to
both twins, without any distinction. However, when the couple moved
to bring their family closer to relatives in Los Angeles, the U.S.
State Department saw an important distinction between the boys. The
State Department demanded DNA testing, which showed that one twin
was genetically relate to Andrew (the U.S. citizen) and one to Elad
(the Israeli citizen). The State Department denied citizenship to
the twin genetically related to Elad.

Like any good Americans, they sued. And won! The federal
district court found in their favor that the State Department had
incorrectly applied the “unwed” sections of Immigration Code
instead of recognizing Andrew as a parent of both twins. The court
ordered that the child be granted an American passport. Happy
ending, right? Not so fast. The State Department has appealed. And
that’s where the case currently stands.

Will It Get Worse?

Section 301 of the Immigration Code offers a number of ways that
someone can claim citizenship. One way — an easier way — involves
having two parents who are U.S. citizens, if one of the parents
lived in the U.S. before the birth. That’s literally and legally
what happened here. But the State Department is saying that James
Mize — our friend from Mississippi — is not technically a “parent”
of Simone under the statute, since he isn’t genetically related to
the child. Instead, the State Department is saying that another —
harder — provision applies; that one says that if one of the
parents is a foreign national, the U.S. citizen parent must have
been in the U.S. for five years. Here, Jonathan Gregg has only
lived in the U.S. for four years, and thus can’t establish
citizenship for his daughter.

Advocates for LGBT families say that this is blatant
discrimination based on sex. But theoretically, straight couples
could face the same issues if they use egg donors or surrogates
overseas. The government contends that the law is applied across
the board, but the application of the State Department’s
discretionary DNA requests to same-sex couples tells a different
story. Rather than move the needle in the right direction
(recognizing the marriages of same-sex couples and the citizenship
of their children), the State Department might opt to “level down”
in practice. So instead of stopping the harassment of same-sex
couples and requiring DNA tests, they might begin requiring all
children born abroad to any U.S. citizen to undergo DNA testing,
and to require evidence as to who gave birth to the child. And
then, regardless of marital status or sexual orientation,
potentially prevent any citizen who used assisted reproductive
technology — whether that be a sperm donor, egg donor, embryo
donation, or a gestational carrier — from obtaining American
citizenship for the child.

I spoke with Aaron C. Morris, Executive Direct of Immigration
Equality. Morris did not share my concern. He noted that the State
Department was applying these provisions selectively in order to
discriminate against LGBT couples, and that it was “deeply
disappointing, but not surprising, given the Administration’s
overall stance on immigration and the LGBT community.”

Either way, Morris and I agree that these families should be
recognized and supported and their children’s U.S. citizenship
acknowledged. Parents should be recognized — and able to pass on
their citizenship to their children — regardless of outdated notion
of blood, birth, or marriage.

Culled from abovethelaw.com.